Parmi les participants ayant les plus faibles taux sériques de vitamine C, de zéaxanthine, de vitamine E et de zinc, l'exposition à la lumière bleue augmentait de façon significative le risque de dégénérescence maculaire avancée. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of sunlight exposure and antioxidant level with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Four thousand seven hundred fifty-three participants aged 65 years or older in the European Eye Study underwent fundus photography, were interviewed for adult lifetime sunlight exposure, and gave blood for antioxidant analysis. Blue light exposure was estimated by combining meteorologic and questionnaire data. RESULTS: Data on sunlight exposure and antioxidants were available in 101 individuals with neovascular AMD, 2182 with early AMD, and 2117 controls. No association was found between blue light exposure and neovascular or early AMD. Significant associations were found between blue light exposure and neovascular AMD in individuals in the quartile of lowest antioxidant level-vitamin C, zeaxanthin, vitamin E, and dietary zinc-with an odds ratio of about 1.4 for 1 standard deviation unit increase in blue light exposure. Higher odds ratios for blue light were observed with combined low antioxidant levels, especially vitamin C, zeaxanthin, and vitamin E (odds ratio, 3.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-8.9), which were also associated with early stages of AMD. CONCLUSIONS: Although it is not possible to establish causality between sunlight exposure and neovascular AMD, our results suggest that people in the general population should use ocular protection and follow dietary recommendations for the key antioxidant nutrients. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18852418 Arch Ophthalmol. 2008 Oct;126(10):1396-403. doi: 10.1001/archopht.126.10.1396. Sunlight exposure, antioxidants, and age-related macular degeneration. Fletcher AE1, Bentham GC, Agnew M, Young IS, Augood C, Chakravarthy U, de Jong PT, Rahu M, Seland J, Soubrane G, Tomazzoli L, Topouzis F,Vingerling JR, Vioque J. Les patients ayant la polyarthrite rhumatoïde atteints du syndrome fibromyalgique avaient des niveaux significativement plus faibles en vitamine D que ceux n’en étaient pas atteints. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
RÉFÉRENCE: Abstract AIM: To assess vitamin D levels in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients and to find their relation to clinical parameters, fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS), quality of life (QoL) and disease activity. METHODS: The study included 63 RA patients and 62 controls. Clinical examination and laboratory investigations were performed. For patients, the Disease Activity Score (DAS-28), QoL index, Health Assessment Questionnaire II (HAQ II) and Modified Larsen score were calculated. 25-OH-vitamin D was measured in patients and controls. RESULTS: The patients' mean age was 41.59 ± 9.69 years and disease duration 5.89 ± 3.67 years. The level of vitamin D in RA patients was significantly lower (23.11 ± 12.71 ng/mL) than that in the controls (32.59 ± 13.06 ng/mL) (P = 0.005) being deficient in 50.8%, insufficient in 23.8% and normal in 25.4%. The RA patients with FMS (n = 33) had significantly lower levels of vitamin D (19.08 ± 10.59 ng/mL) than those without (27.55 ± 13.51 ng/mL) (P = 0.008). The difference was significant on comparing those receiving hydroxychloroquine (17.39 ± 7.84 ng/mL) to those not (31.85 ± 13.85 ng/mL) (P < 0.001). Vitamin D significantly correlated with QoL index (r = 0.58, P < 0.001) and negatively with HAQ II (r = -0.36, P = 0.004) and BMI (r = -0.39, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Special attention is required regarding vitamin D levels in RA patients with FMS and decreased QoL. Vitamin D should be corrected and supplementation considered among the RA management armamentarium. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25291242 Int J Rheum Dis. 2016 Mar;19(3):294-9. doi: 10.1111/1756-185X.12426. Epub 2014 Oct 7. Vitamin D status in rheumatoid arthritis patients: relation to clinical manifestations, disease activity, quality of life and fibromyalgia syndrome. Gheita TA1, Sayed S1, Gheita HA2, Kenawy SA3. L'efficacité des médicaments chimiothérapeutiques et de la radiothérapie furent améliorées lorsque le régime alimentaire comprenait des acides gras oméga-3 (n-3). Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
RÉFÉRENCE: Abstract Supplementing the diet of tumor-bearing mice or rats with oils containing (n-3) (omega-3) or with purified (n-3) fatty acids has slowed the growth of various types of cancers, including lung, colon, mammary, and prostate. The efficacy of cancer chemotherapy drugs such as doxorubicin, epirubicin, CPT-11, 5-fluorouracil, and tamoxifen, and of radiation therapy has been improved when the diet included (n-3) fatty acids. Some potential mechanisms for the activity of (n-3) fatty acids against cancer include modulation of eicosanoid production and inflammation, angiogenesis, proliferation, susceptibility for apoptosis, and estrogen signaling. In humans, (n-3) fatty acids have also been used to suppress cancer-associated cachexia and to improve the quality of life. In one study, the response to chemotherapy therapy was better in breast cancer patients with higher levels of (n-3) fatty acids in adipose tissue [indicating past consumption of (n-3) fatty acids] than in patients with lower levels of (n-3) fatty acids. Thus, in combination with standard treatments, supplementing the diet with (n-3) fatty acids may be a nontoxic means to improve cancer treatment outcomes and may slow or prevent recurrence of cancer. Used alone, an (n-3) supplement may be a useful alternative therapy for patients who are not candidates for standard toxic cancer therapies. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15570049 J Nutr. 2004 Dec;134(12 Suppl):3427S-3430S. (n-3) fatty acids and cancer therapy. Hardman WE1. Les extraits de curcuma sont aussi efficaces que l'ibuprofène pour le traitement de l'arthrose du genou. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
RÉFÉRENCE: Abstract OBJECTIVE: To determine the efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts in pain reduction and functional improvement. METHODS: 367 primary knee osteoarthritis patients with a pain score of 5 or higher were randomized to receive ibuprofen 1,200 mg/day or C. domestica extracts 1,500 mg/day for 4 weeks. The main outcomes were Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) total, WOMAC pain, WOMAC stiffness, and WOMAC function scores. Adverse events (AEs) were also recorded. RESULTS: 185 and 182 patients were randomly assigned into C. domestica extracts and ibuprofen groups, respectively. The baseline characteristics were no different between groups. The mean of all WOMAC scores at weeks 0, 2, and 4 showed significant improvement when compared with the baseline in both groups. After using the noninferiority test, the mean difference (95% confidence interval) of WOMAC total, WOMAC pain, and WOMAC function scores at week 4 adjusted by values at week 0 of C. domestica extracts were noninferior to those for the ibuprofen group (P=0.010, P=0.018, and P=0.010, respectively), except for the WOMAC stiffness subscale, which showed a trend toward significance (P=0.060). The number of patients who developed AEs was no different between groups. However, the number of events of abdominal pain/discomfort was significantly higher in the ibuprofen group than that in the C. domestica extracts group (P=0.046). Most subjects (96%-97%) were satisfied with the treatment, and two-thirds rated themselves as improved in a global assessment. CONCLUSION: CURCUMA domestica extracts are as effective as ibuprofen for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. The side effect profile was similar but with fewer gastrointestinal AE reports in the C. domestica extracts group. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24672232 Clin Interv Aging. 2014 Mar 20;9:451-8. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S58535. eCollection 2014. Efficacy and safety of Curcuma domestica extracts compared with ibuprofen in patients with knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter study. Kuptniratsaikul V1, Dajpratham P1, Taechaarpornkul W2, Buntragulpoontawee M3, Lukkanapichonchut P4, Chootip C5, Saengsuwan J6, Tantayakom K7,Laongpech S8. Le traitement avec les vitamines C et E diminue la production de superoxydes et lésions des reins et empêche la diminution de la fonction rénale. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
RÉFÉRENCE: Abstract Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are elevated in humans with hypertension many of which develop end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and antioxidant capacity is decreased. About one-half of essential hypertensives have a salt-sensitive type of hypertension, and the amount of renal damage that occurs in salt-sensitive hypertensives greatly exceeds that of non-salt-sensitive hypertensives. Antioxidant therapy can improve cardiovascular outcomes in humans but only if sufficient doses are used. Salt-sensitive hypertensive animal models, especially Dahl salt-sensitive rats, have been used to investigate the relationship between hypertension, ROS and end-stage renal damage. In experimental salt-sensitive hypertension, ROS increase and significant renal damage occur. In the Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rat on high Na for 3 weeks, renal damage is mild, renal levels of superoxide dismutase are decreased, and treatment with Tempol reduces arterial pressure. In the Dahl S rat on high Na for 5 weeks, renal damage is severe, GFR and renal plasma flow are decreased, and renal superoxide production is high. Treatment with vitamins C and E decreases renal superoxide production and renal damage and prevents the decrease in renal hemodynamics. Antioxidant treatment reduces arterial pressure, aortic superoxide production and renal inflammation in DOCA-salt rats, and decreases blood pressure and aortic superoxide release and increases bioactive nitric oxide in SHR stroke-prone rats. In conclusion, in both human and experimental salt-sensitive hypertension, superoxide production and renal damage are increased, antioxidant capacity is decreased, and antioxidant therapy can be helpful. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15956781 Am J Nephrol. 2005 Jul-Aug;25(4):311-7. Epub 2005 Jun 14. Oxidative stress and antioxidant treatment in hypertension and the associated renal damage. Manning RD Jr1, Tian N, Meng S. L'ENVIRONEMENT
Les facteurs environnementaux:
DR. ZOLTAN RONA - 70000 NOUVEAUX PRODUITS CHIMIQUES AJOUTÉS À NOTRE ENVIRONNEMENT DEPUIS LES ANNÉES 1940 IL A DIT: « La situation idéale serait d'avoir un système de soins de santé préventive qui teste les enfants pour les carences en vitamines, minéraux et acides aminés.
La supplémentation avec une multivitamine peut améliorer leur statut en micronutriments à des niveaux associés à un risque réduit pour plusieurs maladies chroniques. RÉFÉRENCE:
Abstract - BACKGROUND: Inadequate micronutrient intake among older adults is common despite the increased prevalence of fortified/enriched foods in the American diet. Although many older adults take multivitamin supplements in an effort to compensate, studies examining the benefits of this behavior are absent. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a daily multivitamin/mineral supplement can improve micronutrient status, plasma antioxidant capacity and cytokine production in healthy, free-living older adults already consuming a fortified diet. METHODS: An eight-week double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial among 80 adults aged 50 to 87 years (mean = 66.5 +/- 8.6 years). RESULTS: Multivitamin treatment significantly increased (p<0.01, compared to placebo) plasma concentrations of vitamins D (77 to 100 nmol/L), E (27 to 32 micromol/L), pyridoxal phosphate (55.1 to 75.2 nmol/L), folate (23 to 33 nmol/L), B12 (286 to 326 pmol/L)), C (55 to 71 micromol/L), and improved the riboflavin activity coefficient (1.23 to 1.15), but not vitamins A and thiamin. The multivitamin reduced the prevalence of suboptimal plasma levels of vitamins E (p=0.003), B12 (p=0.004), and C (p=0.08). Neither glutathione peroxidase activity nor antioxidant capacity (ORAC) were affected. No changes were observed in interleukin-2, -6 or -10 and prostaglandin E2, proxy measures of immune responses. CONCLUSIONS: Supplementation with a multivitamin formulated at about 100% Daily Value can decrease the prevalence of suboptimal vitamin status in older adults and improve their micronutrient status to levels associated with reduced risk for several chronic diseases. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11022875 J Am Coll Nutr. 2000 Oct;19(5):613-21. The effects of a multivitamin/mineral supplement on micronutrient status, antioxidant capacity and cytokine production in healthy older adults consuming a fortified diet. McKay DL1, Perrone G, Rasmussen H, Dallal G, Hartman W, Cao G, Prior RL, Roubenoff R, Blumberg JB. La carence en vitamine D a été associée ou impliquée dans la physiopathologie des affections gastro-intestinales, des maladies inflammatoires de l'intestin, du cancer colorectal ainsi que dans la dépression. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Abstract BACKGROUND: Vitamin D deficiency has been associated or implicated with the pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal conditions inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer, as well as with depression. No trials or epidemiology studies to date have investigated a link with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). A single case report has suggested a benefit in IBS of vitamin D supplementation. We hypothesised that IBS participants with vitamin D insufficiency would benefit from repletion in terms of their IBS symptoms. We undertook a pilot trial to provide data to support a power calculation and to justify a full trial. METHODS: This was a randomised, double blinded, three-arm parallel design trial of vitamin D, placebo or a combination of vitamin D and probiotics. Participants were further stratified according to whether they were vitamin D replete or insufficient. Vitamin D status was determined by blood test at baseline and exit; IBS symptoms were assessed by validated questionnaire; dietary intakes were assessed by food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: A significant proportion of the IBS population were vitamin D deficient, such that the replete stratum could not be adequately recruited. There was a significant association in the baseline data between circulating vitamin D level and quality of life ("How much has IBS affected your life?"). Supplementation significantly improved vitamin D level versus placebo. IBS symptoms were not significantly improved in this pilot, although a power calculation was enabled from the intervention data. CONCLUSIONS: The IBS population exhibits significant levels of vitamin D insufficiency and would benefit from screening and possible supplementation. The impact of IBS on quality of life may be reduced by vitamin D level. Future trials should have a sample size of over 97. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26719813 BMJ Open Gastroenterol. 2015 Dec 21;2(1):e000052. doi: 10.1136/bmjgast-2015-000052. eCollection 2015. Vitamin D associates with improved quality of life in participants with irritable bowel syndrome: outcomes from a pilot trial. Tazzyman S1, Richards N1, Trueman AR1, Evans AL1, Grant VA1, Garaiova I2, Plummer SF2, Williams EA3, Corfe BM1. Les résultats ont démontré que la coenzyme Q10 avait la capacité de supprimer la voie inflammatoire de la sclérose en plaques. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Abstract BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is known as a progressive central nervous system inflammatory disease. Certain factors, such as interleukins, inflammatory cells, and oxidative stress are supposed to involve in MS etiology. Because of the important role of oxidative stress, antioxidant therapy for MS has received more attention. Although coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) acts as an antioxidant, there is a lack of enough research on its effects on MS. Therefore, the present research was designed. METHODS: C57BL/6 female adult mice (n = 30) were used in this study. The animals were randomly divided into trial and control groups. To induce MS, routine procedure for experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was used, and scoring was performed based on clinical signs. By detecting score one, CoQ10 administration was started (10 mg/kg/three weeks). By using ELISA and real-time PCR, the brain levels of TNF-, IL-10, IL-4, and IL-12 were studied. Statistical tests were used to analyze the data and the P value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant. RESULTS: Clinical symptoms in EAE animals were significantly decreased (P<0.05) as compared to control ones. In addition, the level of the TNF- was significantly decreased following CoQ10 administration versus IL-10. The ratio of TH1/TH2 interleukins in treated animals was significantly less than that in non-treated animals (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our findings showed that CoQ10 is capable of suppressing the inflammatory pathway of MS. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25326018 Iran Biomed J. 2014;18(4):203-11. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on the ratio of TH1/TH2 in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of multiple sclerosis in C57BL/6. Soleimani M1, Jameie SB, Barati M, Mehdizadeh M, Kerdari M. Le calcium est essentiel à la vie.
L’organisme ne produit pas de calcium. En conséquence, il est primordial de consommer une quantité adéquate de ce minéral essentiel; un apport adéquat de calcium dans un bon régime alimentaire peut aider à prévenir la perte osseuse. L'étiquette sur les suppléments de calcium est utile pour déterminer la quantité de calcium qui est dans une portion. A titre d'exemple, le carbonate de calcium est composé de 40% de calcium élémentaire, de sorte que 1250 milligrammes (mg) de carbonate de calcium contient 500 mg de calcium élémentaire. Il est important de noter la taille de la portion (nombre de comprimés) pour déterminer la quantité de calcium qui se trouve dans une portion. La plupart des adultes doivent en obtenir chaque jour entre 1 000 et 1 200 mg dans leur alimentation et (ou) par la prise de suppléments. L’extrait de pépins de raisin : l’inflammation pulmonaire induite par l'allergène sera significativement améliorée en cas d’asthme chronique. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Abstract Asthma is characterized by airway inflammation and airway remodeling. Our previous study revealed that grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) could inhibit asthmatic airway inflammation and airway hyper-responsiveness by down-regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in a murine model of acute asthma. The present study aimed to evaluate GSPE's effects on airway inflammation and airway remodeling in a chronic asthmatic model. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and then were challenged three times a week for 8 weeks. Airway responsiveness was measured at 24 h after the last OVA challenge. HE staining, PAS staining, and Masson staining were used to observe any airway inflammation in the lung tissue, airway mucus secretion, and subepithelial fibrosis, respectively. The cytokines levels in the lavage fluid (BALF) in addition to the total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were detected by ELISA. Furthermore, lung collagen contents, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression in the airway were assessed by hydroxyproline assay, immunohistochemistry, and Western blot analysis, respectively. GSPE administration significantly suppressed airway resistance as well as reduced the amount of inflammatory cells, especially the eosinophil count, in BALF. Additionally, the GSPE treatment markedly decreased interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels in BALF in addition to the total serum IgE levels. A histological examination demonstrated that GSPE significantly ameliorated allergen-induced lung eosinophilic inflammation and decreased PAS-positive epithelial cells in the airway. The elevated hydroxyproline contents, lung α-SMA contents, and TGF-β1 protein expression that were observed in the OVA mice were also inhibited by GSPE. In conclusion, GSPE could inhibit airway inflammation and airway remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma, thus providing a potential treatment for asthma. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25920255 Nat Prod Commun. 2015 Feb;10(2):257-62. Proanthocyanidin from grape seed extract inhibits airway inflammation and remodeling in a murine model of chronic asthma. Zhou DY, Fang SR, Zou CF, Zhang Q, Gu W. La cannelle aide les personnes atteintes de diabète de type 2 à améliorer leur capacité à réguler le taux de sucre dans le sang et rend les cellules graisseuses plus sensibles à l'insuline. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Abstract Metabolic syndrome is associated with insulin resistance, elevated glucose and lipids, inflammation, decreased antioxidant activity, increased weight gain, and increased glycation of proteins. Cinnamon has been shown to improve all of these variables in in vitro, animal, and/or human studies. In addition, cinnamon has been shown to alleviate factors associated with Alzheimer's disease by blocking and reversing tau formation in vitro and in ischemic stroke by blocking cell swelling. In vitro studies also show that components of cinnamon control angiogenesis associated with the proliferation of cancer cells. Human studies involving control subjects and subjects with metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and polycystic ovary syndrome all show beneficial effects of whole cinnamon and/or aqueous extracts of cinnamon on glucose, insulin, insulin sensitivity, lipids, antioxidant status, blood pressure, lean body mass, and gastric emptying. However, not all studies have shown positive effects of cinnamon, and type and amount of cinnamon, as well as the type of subjects and drugs subjects are taking, are likely to affect the response to cinnamon. In summary, components of cinnamon may be important in the alleviation and prevention of the signs and symptoms of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular and related diseases. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20513336 J Diabetes Sci Technol. 2010 May 1;4(3):685-93. Cinnamon: potential role in the prevention of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Qin B1, Panickar KS, Anderson RA. Chez les patients atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer, une méta-analyse a démontré des taux plasmatiques significativement plus faibles d'acide folique, des vitamines A, B12, C et E. Des niveaux plus faibles de nutriments plasmatiques indiquent que les patients atteints de la maladie d'Alzheimer ont une déficience systémique dans la disponibilité de plusieurs nutriments. La malnutrition classique est bien connue pour être courante dans la maladie d'Alzheimer, ce qui suggère que l’état compromis de micronutriments pourrait précéder la malnutrition en protéine et le manque d’énergie. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Abstract BACKGROUND: Alzheimer disease (AD) patients are at risk of nutritional insufficiencies because of physiological and psychological factors. Nutritional compounds are postulated to play a role in the pathophysiological processes that are affected in AD. We here provide the first systematic review and meta-analysis that compares plasma levels of micronutrients and fatty acids in AD patients to those in cognitively intact elderly controls. A secondary objective was to explore the presence of different plasma nutrient levels between AD and control populations that did not differ in measures of protein/energy nourishment. METHODS: We screened literature published after 1990 in the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Medline, and Embase electronic databases using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for AD patients, controls, micronutrient, vitamins, and fatty acids, resulting in 3397 publications, of which 80 met all inclusion criteria. Status of protein/energy malnutrition was assessed by body mass index, mini nutritional assessment score, or plasma albumin. Meta-analysis, with correction for differences in mean age between AD patients and controls, was performed when more than five publications were retrieved for a specific nutrient. RESULTS: We identified five or more studies for folate, vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, copper, iron, and zinc but fewer than five studies for vitamins B1 and B6, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, calcium, magnesium, manganese, and selenium (the results of the individual publications are discussed). Meta-analysis showed significantly lower plasma levels of folate and vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin C, and vitamin E (P < .001), whereas nonsignificantly lower levels of zinc (P = .050) and vitamin D (P = .075) were found in AD patients. No significant differences were observed for plasma levels of copper and iron. A meta-analysis that was limited to studies reporting no differences in protein/energy malnourishment between AD and control populations yielded similar significantly lower plasma levels of folate and vitamin B12, vitamin C, and vitamin E in AD. CONCLUSIONS: The lower plasma nutrient levels indicate that patients with AD have impaired systemic availability of several nutrients. This difference appears to be unrelated to the classic malnourishment that is well known to be common in AD, suggesting that compromised micronutrient status may precede protein and energy malnutrition. Contributing factors might be AD-related alterations in feeding behavior and intake, nutrient absorption, alterations in metabolism, and increased utilization of nutrients for AD pathology-related processes. Given the potential role of nutrients in the pathophysiological processes of AD, the utility of nutrition may currently be underappreciated and offer potential in AD management. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24144963 Alzheimers Dement. 2014 Jul;10(4):485-502. doi: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.05.1771. Epub 2013 Oct 19. Plasma nutrient status of patients with Alzheimer's disease: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Lopes da Silva S1, Vellas B2, Elemans S3, Luchsinger J4, Kamphuis P1, Yaffe K5, Sijben J6, Groenendijk M3, Stijnen T7. La vitamine K est essentielle pour l'activation de l'ostéocalcine (une protéine qui aide à la croissance et à la minéralisation osseuse). Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Abstract For early prevention or inhibition of postmenopausal and age-related bone loss, nutritional interventions might be a first choice. For some vitamins and minerals an important role in bone metabolism is known or suggested. Calcium and vitamin D support bone mineral density and are basic components in most preventive strategies. Magnesium is involved in a number of activities supporting bone strength, preservation, and remodeling. Fluorine and strontium have bone-forming effects. However, high amounts of both elements may reduce bone strength. Boron is especially effective in case of vitamin D, magnesium, and potassium deficiency. Vitamin K is essential for the activation of osteocalcin. Vitamin C is an important stimulus for osteoblast-derived proteins. Increasing the recommended amounts (US RDA 1989), adequate intakes (US DRI 1997), or assumed normal intakes of mentioned food components may lead to a considerable reduction or even prevention of bone loss, especially in late postmenopausal women and the elderly. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16373990 Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(2):85-94. Epub 2005 Dec 21. Immune-enhancing role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions. Wintergerst ES1, Maggini S, Hornig DH. La vitamine C et le zinc jouent des rôles importants dans la fonction immunitaire, dans la résistance aux agents infectieux ainsi que dans la réduction du risque, durée et gravité des maladies infectieuses. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Vitamin C concentrations in the plasma and leukocytes rapidly decline during infections and stress. Supplementation of vitamin C was found to improve components of the human immune system such as antimicrobial and natural killer cell activities, lymphocyte proliferation, chemotaxis, and delayed-type hypersensitivity. Vitamin C contributes to maintaining the redox integrity of cells and thereby protects them against reactive oxygen species generated during the respiratory burst and in the inflammatory response. Likewise, zinc undernutrition or deficiency was shown to impair cellular mediators of innate immunity such as phagocytosis, natural killer cell activity, and the generation of oxidative burst. Therefore, both nutrients play important roles in immune function and the modulation of host resistance to infectious agents, reducing the risk, severity, and duration of infectious diseases. This is of special importance in populations in which insufficient intake of these nutrients is prevalent. In the developing world, this is the case in low- and middle-income countries, but also in subpopulations in industrialized countries, e.g. in the elderly. A large number of randomized controlled intervention trials with intakes of up to 1 g of vitamin C and up to 30 mg of zinc are available. These trials document that adequate intakes of vitamin C and zinc ameliorate symptoms and shorten the duration of respiratory tract infections including the common cold. Furthermore, vitamin C and zinc reduce the incidence and improve the outcome of pneumonia, malaria, and diarrhea infections, especially in children in developing countries. REFERENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16373990 Ann Nutr Metab. 2006;50(2):85-94. Epub 2005 Dec 21. Immune-enhancing role of vitamin C and zinc and effect on clinical conditions. Wintergerst ES1, Maggini S, Hornig DH. La supplémentation en vitamine B a eu un effet protecteur significatif sur le risque d'accident vasculaire cérébral. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Abstract BACKGROUND: Supplementation with B vitamins for stroke prevention has been evaluated over the years, but which combination of B vitamins is optimal for stroke prevention is unclear. We performed a network meta-analysis to assess the impact of different combinations of B vitamins on risk of stroke. METHODS: A total of 17 trials (86 393 patients) comparing 7 treatment strategies and placebo were included. A network meta-analysis combined all available direct and indirect treatment comparisons to evaluate the efficacy of B vitamin supplementation for all interventions. RESULTS: B vitamin supplementation was associated with reduced risk of stroke and cerebral hemorrhage. The risk of stroke was lower with folic acid plus vitamin B6 as compared with folic acid plus vitamin B12 and was lower with folic acid plus vitamin B6 plus vitamin B12 as compared with placebo or folic acid plus vitamin B12. The treatments ranked in order of efficacy for stroke, from higher to lower, were folic acid plus vitamin B6 > folic acid > folic acid plus vitamin B6 plus vitamin B12 > vitamin B6 plus vitamin B12 > niacin > vitamin B6 > placebo > folic acid plus vitamin B12. CONCLUSIONS: B vitamin supplementation was associated with reduced risk of stroke; different B vitamins and their combined treatments had different efficacy on stroke prevention. Folic acid plus vitamin B6 might be the optimal therapy for stroke prevention. Folic acid and vitamin B6 were both valuable for stroke prevention. The efficacy of vitamin B12 remains to be studied. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26355679 PLoS One. 2015 Sep 10;10(9):e0137533. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0137533. eCollection 2015. Efficacy of Supplementation with B Vitamins for Stroke Prevention: A Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Dong H1, Pi F2, Ding Z1, Chen W3, Pang S1, Dong W1, Zhang Q1. L’Extrait de pépin de raisin (EPR) et leurs proanthocyanidines (PPR) atténuent certains effets cytotoxiques sur les cellules / tissus normaux provoqués par la chimiothérapie / radiothérapie. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Abstract Grapes are one of the most consumed fruits in the world and are rich in polyphenols. Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) have demonstrated chemopreventive and/or chemotherapeutic effects in various cancer cell cultures and animal models. The clinical efficacy of chemotherapy is often limited by its adverse effects. Several studies show that reactive oxygen species mediate the cardiotoxicity and neurotoxicity induced by various cancer chemotherapeutic agents. This implies that concomitant administration of antioxidants may prevent these adverse effects. The review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. An electronic search strategy in Medline and Embase databases was conducted.Of the 41 studies reviewed, 27 studied GSP while the remainder (14) studied grape seed or skin extracts (GSE). All the studies were published in English, except 2 in Chinese. A significant percentage (34%) of the studies we reviewed assessed the effect of GSE or GSP on cardiotoxicity induced by chemotherapy. Doxorubicin was the most common chemotherapeutic drug studied followed by cisplatin. Research studies that assessed the effect of GSE or GSP on radiation treatment accounted for 22% of the articles reviewed. GSE/GSP ameliorates some of the cytotoxic effects on normal cells/tissues induced by chemo/radiotherapy. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25880972 Nutr Cancer. 2015;67(5):730-40. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2015.1029639. Epub 2015 Apr 16. The Role of Grape Seed Extract in the Treatment of Chemo/Radiotherapy Induced Toxicity: A Systematic Review of Preclinical Studies. Olaku OO1, Ojukwu MO, Zia FZ, White JD. Les acides gras Omega dans l'huile de poisson réduisent l'incidence de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l'âge. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Abstract OBJECTIVE: To examine whether intake of ω-3 fatty acids and fish affects incidence of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in women. DESIGN: A detailed food-frequency questionnaire was administered at baseline among 39 876 female health professionals (mean [SD] age: 54.6 [7.0] years). A total of 38 022 women completed the questionnaire and were free of a diagnosis of AMD. The main outcome measure was incidentAMD responsible for a reduction in best-corrected visual acuity to 20/30 or worse based on self-report confirmed by medical record review. RESULTS: A total of 235 cases of AMD, most characterized by some combination of drusen and retinal pigment epithelial changes, were confirmed during an average of 10 years of follow-up. Women in the highest tertile of intake for docosahexaenoic acid, compared with those in the lowest, had a multivariate-adjusted relative risk of AMD of 0.62 (95% confidence interval, 0.44-0.87). For eicosapentaenoic acid, women in the highest tertile of intake had a relative risk of 0.66 (95% confidence interval, 0.48-0.92). Consistent with the findings for docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, women who consumed 1 or more servings of fish per week, compared with those who consumed less than 1 serving per month, had a relative risk of AMD of 0.58 (95% confidence interval, 0.38-0.87). CONCLUSION: These prospective data from a large cohort of female health professionals without a diagnosis of AMD at baseline indicate that regular consumption of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid and fish was associated with a significantly decreased risk of incident AMD and may be of benefit in primary prevention of AMD. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21402976 Arch Ophthalmol. 2011 Jul;129(7):921-9. doi: 10.1001/archophthalmol.2011.34. Epub 2011 Mar 14. Dietary ω-3 fatty acid and fish intake and incident age-related macular degeneration in women. Christen WG1, Schaumberg DA, Glynn RJ, Buring JE. On a constaté une diminution significative des niveaux d'acide ascorbique plasmatiques chez les patients souffrant de dépression majeure par rapport aux sujets témoins. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Abstract There is evidence of derangement of oxidant and antioxidant defense systems in depression. The present study examined the effects of fluoxetine and citalopram, standard selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors, on lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and ascorbic acid concentrations. For this, a prospective open-labeled, randomized design was utilized. Patients with major depression (n = 62) were compared with age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers (n = 40). There was a significant increase in serum SOD, serum MDA and decrease in plasma ascorbic acid levels in patients of major depression as compared to control subjects. The trend reversed significantly after treatment with fluoxetine and citalopram. Results indicate a greater reduction in oxidative stress with citalopram than fluoxetine. The Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) score also improved with fluoxetine and citalopram treatment. These findings indicate that major depression is associated with increased levels of serum SOD, serum MDA and decreased levels of plasma ascorbic acid. Treatment with fluoxetine and citalopram reversed these biochemical parameters. This study can be used as a predictor of drug response by fluoxetine and citalopram in major depression. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14980069 Redox Rep. 2003;8(6):365-70. Oxidative damage and major depression: the potential antioxidant action of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors. Khanzode SD1, Dakhale GN, Khanzode SS, Saoji A, Palasodkar R. La carence en Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) fut impliquée dans la physiopathologie de la fibromyalgie et pourrait représenter un bon marqueur pour le diagnostic de cette maladie. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Abstract Recently, Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) deficiency has been implicated in the pathophysiology of fibromyalgia (FM). It is our objective to present the findings of the FM evaluation before and after oral CoQ10 treatment using the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) Diagnostic Criteria of 1990 and 2010, and Symptom Checklist-Revised (Scl-90-R). Four patients with FM were examined using the trigger points, the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire, visual analog scale (pain, fatigue, and sleep), Widespread Pain Index, symptom severity scale, and Scl-90-R. Previously, CoQ10 contents from patients were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. All patients showed CoQ10 deficiency. All patients meet the ACR 1990 and 2010 criteria. After treatment, all patients showed an important improvement in clinical symptoms in all evaluation methods. According to our results, and evaluated by three methods, patients with FM are candidates for treatment with CoQ10. However, more controlled clinical trials and investigations are needed to clarify the precise mechanism(s) by which CoQ10 may contribute in pathological and therapeutic processes of FM and to provide data on its effectiveness in FM. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24103521 Nutrition. 2013 Nov-Dec;29(11-12):1422-5. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2013.05.005. Effect of coenzyme Q10 evaluated by 1990 and 2010 ACR Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia and SCL-90-R: four case reports and literature review. Alcocer-Gómez E1, Cano-García FJ, Cordero MD. SÉLECTION DE L'ALIMENTATION :
Malgré toutes ces catégories, il est clair que tout organisme a besoin de 47 éléments essentiels pendant la journée et il est fort probable qu'il ne les obtient pas. C'est alors qu'il risque de devenir de plus en plus déficient et les manifestations physiques de ces carences feront leur apparition dans les prochains 5 à 10 ans. Dr Linus Pauling deux fois receveur du prix Nobel stipule que: « Vous pouvez tracer chaque maladie, chaque maux à une carence en minéraux.» LA SUPPLÉMENTATION N'EST PLUS UNE OPTION, EST UNE NÉCESSITÉ! En vous inscrivant à notre site, vous aurez accès à de l’information scientifique vulgarisée, concernant la supplémentation sous forme de protocoles santé, qui nous l’espérons, sera bénéfique dans votre condition particulière. À chaque achat ou abonnement, vous obtiendrez : A. Notre document version courte pour vous, comprenant : 1.Une brève description de la maladie 2. Nos protocoles incluant nos recommandations minimales et maximales vous indiquant quels suppléments privilégier dans chacune des conditions ainsi que les dosages appropriés. B. Notre document version longue pour vous et votre professionnel de la santé comprenant : 1. L'information pertinente sur toutes les études scientifiques sur lesquelles nous nous sommes basées. 2. Un statut nutritionnel indiquant les carences ayant été répertoriées chez les gens atteints de ces maladies. 3. Les références scientifiques de toutes les études sur lesquelles nous nous sommes appuyées. La supplémentation en vitamine D3 et en calcium réduit le risque de fractures de la hanche de 23% et d'autres fractures non vertébrales chez les femmes âgées. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
Abstract For a 50-year old caucasian woman today, the risk of a hip fracture over her remaining lifetime is about 17%. Tomorrow the situation will clearly be worse because the continual increase in life expectancy will cause a 3-fold rise in worldwide fracture incidence over the next 60 years, particularly in women, but also in men. In addition, a secular increase in the incidence of hip fractures in individuals of the same age has been noted in both sexes by several investigators, and the cost of hip fractures is expected to dramatically increase in the next decades. Consequently, preventive strategies are urgently required. A great deal has been learned in recent years about the risk factors for hip fracture, the pathophysiology of this fracture, and the prediction of fracture risk, particularly through bone mass measurements on the hip and biochemical evaluations of parathyroid and vitamin D status. The two main determinants of hip fractures are falls and bone loss leading to an intrinsic femoral fragility. A substantial femoral bone loss continues throughout the old age, with a continuous and exponential increase in the risk of hip fracture, and any reduction or arrest of this loss will induce an important reduction in the incidence of hip fractures. A preventive effect on the risk of hip fracture may be partly achieved by using long term estrogen replacement therapy after menopause, but also by using vitamin D and calcium supplements for a late prevention in elderly people. Vitamin D insufficiency and deficit in calcium intake are very common in elderly people living either in institutions or at home, particularly in Europe where dairy products are not fortified with vitamin D. The cumulative response to this deficit in calcium intake and low vitamin D status is a negative calcium balance which stimulates parathyroid hormone secretion. In 300 residents of nursing homes, we recently found a significant negative correlation between serum 25 OHD and log serum PTH after age-adjustment. In addition, in 446 elderly women living at home in 5 French cities and selected from the voting lists, we also found an age-adjusted relationship between serum 25 OHD and PTH concentrations. This senile secondary hyperparathyroidism is one of the determinants of femoral bone loss and can be reversed by calcium and vitamin D supplements. We have shown in a 3-year controlled prospective study that the daily use of these supplements (1.2 g of calcium and 800 IU of vitamin D3) given in a large population of 3270 elderly ambulatory women living in nursing homes reduced of 23% (intention-to-treat analysis) the number of hip fractures and other non vertebral fractures. In parallel, serum perathyroid hormone concentration was reduced of 28% and low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration returned to normal values. After 18 months of treatment the bone density of the total proximal femoral region had increased 2.7% the vitamin D3-calcium group and decreased 4.6% in the placebo group (p < 0.001). This prevention is safe and can be recommended in people living in institutions. It could be also useful in other elderly subjects particularly at risk because of a low calcium intake, an absence of solar exposure and a previous history of falls. From the data of our study we assessed the economic consequences in terms of medical cost of this prevention. In case of treatment of all women living in nursing homes in France, this would saved FF 150000000 per year, the economic balance of prevention becoming positive as soon as the age of the beginning of the prevention reaches 73.5 years. It is now possible to partly stop bone loss in elderly people and it is never too late to prevent hip fractures with calcium and vitamin D supplements. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8966494 Scand J Rheumatol Suppl. 1996;103:75-8; discussion 79-80. Prevention of hip fractures by correcting calcium and vitamin D insufficiencies in elderly people. Meunier P1. Dans les deux types de CATARACTES, nucléaire et corticale, plus la durée d'utilisation de multivitamines est longue, plus le risque de cataracte diminue. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) : Abstract PURPOSE: To investigate relationships between use of vitamin supplements and the three principal cataract types in a population-based sample. METHODS: We studied 2873 of the 3654 participants (79%) aged 49 to 97 years attending the cross-sectional Blue Mountains Eye Study who completed a detailed food frequency questionnaire, which included type, dose, and duration of vitamin supplement use. Masked grading of nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular opacities from lens photographs was performed, using the Wisconsin method. RESULTS: Use of multivitamin supplements was associated with reduced prevalence of nuclear cataract, odds ratio 0.6, 95% confidence interval 0.4 to 1.0, P =.05. For both nuclear and cortical cataract, longer duration of multivitamin use was associated with reduced cataract prevalence (nuclear cataract, trend P =.02; cortical cataract, trend P =.03). Use of thiamin supplements was associated with reduced prevalence of nuclear (odds ratio 0.6, confidence interval 0.4 to 1.0, P =.03, dose trend P =.03) and cortical cataract (odds ratio 0.7, confidence interval 0.5 to 0.9, P =.01, dose trend P =.02). Riboflavin (odds ratio 0.8, confidence interval 0.6 to 1.0, P =.05) and niacin (odds ratio 0.7, confidence interval 0.6 to 1.0, P =.04) supplements exerted a weaker protective influence on cortical cataract. Vitamin A supplements were protective against nuclear cataract (odds ratio 0.4, confidence interval 0.2 to 0.8, P =.01, dose trend P =.01). Folate (odds ratio 0.4, confidence interval 0.2 to 0.9, P =.03) appeared protective for nuclear cataract, whereas both folate (odds ratio 0.6, confidence interval 0.3 to 0.9, P =.01, dose trend P =.04) and vitamin B12 supplements (odds ratio 0.7, confidence interval 0.5 to 1.0, P =.03, dose trend P =.02) were strongly protective against cortical cataract. CONCLUSIONS:
Long-term use of multivitamins, B group and vitamin A supplements was associated with reduced prevalence of either nuclear or cortical cataract. A strong protective influence on cortical cataract, from use of folate or vitamin B12 supplements, is a new finding. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11438049 Am J Ophthalmol. 2001 Jul;132(1):19-26. Use of vitamin supplements and cataract: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Kuzniarz M1, Mitchell P, Cumming RG, Flood VM. Une méta-analyse de 29 essais cliniques contrôlés et randomisés démontre une diminution significative de la pression artérielle à l’aide d’une supplémentation en vitamine C. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) :
ABSTRACT - BACKGROUND: In observational studies, increased vitamin C intake, vitamin C supplementation, and higher blood concentrations of vitamin C are associated with lower blood pressure (BP). However, evidence for blood pressure-lowering effects of vitamin C in clinical trials is inconsistent. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials that examined the effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP. DESIGN: We searched Medline, EMBASE, and Central databases from 1966 to 2011. Prespecified inclusion criteria were as follows: 1) use of a randomized controlled trial design; 2) trial reported effects on systolic BP (SBP) or diastolic BP (DBP) or both; 3) trial used oral vitamin C and concurrent control groups; and 4) trial had a minimum duration of 2 wk. BP effects were pooled by random-effects models, with trials weighted by inverse variance. RESULTS: Twenty-nine trials met eligibility criteria for the primary analysis. The median dose was 500 mg/d, the median duration was 8 wk, and trial sizes ranged from 10 to 120 participants. The pooled changes in SBP and DBP were -3.84 mm Hg (95% CI: -5.29, -2.38 mm Hg; P < 0.01) and -1.48 mm Hg (95% CI: -2.86, -0.10 mm Hg; P = 0.04), respectively. In trials in hypertensive participants, corresponding reductions in SBP and DBP were -4.85 mm Hg (P < 0.01) and -1.67 mm Hg (P = 0.17). After the inclusion of 9 trials with imputed BP effects, BP effects were attenuated but remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: In short-term trials, vitamin C supplementation reduced SBP and DBP. Long-term trials on the effects of vitamin C supplementation on BP and clinical events are needed. RÉFÉRENCE: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22492364 Am J Clin Nutr. 2012 May;95(5):1079-88. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.111.027995. Epub 2012 Apr 4. Effects of vitamin C supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Juraschek SP1, Guallar E, Appel LJ, Miller ER 3rd. Des études suggèrent que la vitamine D pourrait avoir un potentiel thérapeutique pour la sclérose en plaques. Veuillez lire l'article complet (en anglais seulement) : Geographic epidemiology of multiple sclerosis (MS) suggests that low vitamin D levels are a modifiable risk factor. Previous studies have shown that patients with MS have significantly lower vitamin D levels compared with healthy controls. Vitamin D is a potent immunomodulator important for immune function and development, and it offers potential benefits by reducing inflammation. Vitamin D has beneficial effects in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an animal model of MS. In summation, these studies suggest that vitamin D may have therapeutic potential for MS. This has not been established although preliminary clinical trials for vitamin D in MS look promising. Genetic studies suggest that genes associated with vitamin D are critical susceptible genes for MS. In this review, we discuss current research investigating the association between vitamin D and MS and the issues that need to be resolved. RÉFÉRENCE:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26560958 Brain Nerve. 2015 Nov;67(11):1429-33. doi: 10.11477/mf.1416200316. [Vitamin D in Multiple Sclerosis]. [Article in Japanese] Niino M1, Miyazaki Y. |
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