L'acide folique et l'hypertension artérielle

L'apport supérieur total en folate a été associé à une diminution du risque de l’incidence d'hypertension.
Tracy A. Taylor, vice-président des affaires publiques et des communications du National Nutritional Foods Association (NNFA), a déclaré : « L’année dernière, nous avons appris que si seulement un petit pourcentage de femmes à l’âge de procréer avaient pris 400 microgrammes / jour d'acide folique, ceci aurait pu faire sauver plus de 1 milliard $ en coûts de soins de santé sur une période de cinq ans ». « Il semblerait que ce supplément peu coûteux aurait le potentiel de réduire le coût des soins de santé de plusieurs milliards de dollars, puisque 1 américain sur 4 souffre d'hypertension artérielle. »
http://www.naturalproductsinsider.com/articles/2005/02/folate-reduces-hypertension-in-women.aspx

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​L'HYPERTENSION ARTÉRIELLE

RÉFÉRENCE: 
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Abstract
​CONTEXT:
Folate has important beneficial effects on endothelial function, but there is limited information about folate intake and risk of incident hypertension.
OBJECTIVE:
To determine whether higher folate intake is associated with a lower risk of incident hypertension.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:
Two prospective cohort studies of 93,803 younger women aged 27 to 44 years in the Nurses' Health Study II (1991-1999) and 62,260 older women aged 43 to 70 years in the Nurses' Health Study I (1990-1998), who did not have a history of hypertension. Baseline information on dietary folate and supplemental folic acid intake was derived from semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires and was updated every 4 years.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE:
Relative risk of incident self-reported hypertension during 8 years of follow-up.
RESULTS:
We identified 7373 incident cases of hypertension in younger women and 12,347 cases in older women. After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, younger women who consumed at least 1000 microg/d of total folate (dietary plus supplemental) had a decreased risk of hypertension (relative risk [RR], 0.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.45-0.66; P for trend <.001) compared with those who consumed less than 200 microg/d. Younger women's absolute risk reduction (ARR) was approximately 8 cases per 1000 person-years (6.7 vs 14.8 cases). The multivariable RR for the same comparison in older women was 0.82 (95% CI, 0.69-0.97; P for trend = .05). Older women's ARR was approximately 6 cases per 1000 person-years (34.7 vs 40.4 cases). When the analysis was restricted to women with low dietary folate intake (<200 microg/d), the multivariable RR for younger women with total folate intake at least 800 microg/d compared with less than 200 microg/d was 0.55 (95% CI, 0.32-0.94; P for trend = .03), and 0.61 (95% CI, 0.34-1.11; P for trend = .05) in the older cohort. Among women who did not take folic acid-containing supplements, dietary folate intake of 400 microg/d or more was not significantly associated with risk of hypertension.
CONCLUSION:
Higher total folate intake was associated with a decreased risk of incident hypertension, particularly in younger women.

REFERENCE:
JAMA. 2005 Jan 19;293(3):320-9.
Folate intake and the risk of incident hypertension among US women.
Forman JP1, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ, Curhan GC.