High selenium yeast supplementation (200 mug/d) was evaluated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Intention-to-treat analyses assessed the effect on HIV-1 viral load and CD4 count after 9 months of treatment.
Selenium-treated subjects whose serum selenium increase was greater than 26.1 microg/L evidenced excellent treatment adherence, no change in HIV-1 viral load, and an increase in CD4 count. Daily selenium supplementation can suppress the progression of HIV-1 viral burden and provide indirect improvement of CD4 (a certain type of white cells) count. The results support the use of selenium as a simple, inexpensive, and safe adjunct therapy in HIV spectrum disease. REFERENCE: Arch Intern Med. 2007 Jan 22;167(2):148-54. Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viral load with selenium supplementation: a randomized controlled trial. Hurwitz BE1, Klaus JR, Llabre MM, Gonzalez A, Lawrence PJ, Maher KJ, Greeson JM, Baum MK, Shor-Posner G, Skyler JS, Schneiderman N. Among diabetics, infectious illness occurred in 93% of those receiving placebo and in 17% of those receiving multivitamin and mineral supplement. Abstract
BACKGROUND: Use of multivitamin and mineral supplements is common among U.S. adults, yet few well-designed trials have assessed the reputed benefits. OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of a daily multivitamin and mineral supplement on infection and well-being. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. SETTING: Primary care clinics at two medical centers in North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS: 130 community-dwelling adults stratified by age (45 to 64 years or >or=65 years) and presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. INTERVENTION: Multivitamin and mineral supplement or placebo taken daily for 1 year. MEASUREMENTS: Incidence of participant-reported symptoms of infection, incidence of infection-associated absenteeism, and scores on the physical and mental health subscales of the Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short Form. RESULTS: More participants receiving placebo reported an infectious illness over the study year than did participants receiving multivitamin and mineral supplements (73% vs. 43%; P < 0.001). Infection-related absenteeism was also higher in the placebo group than in the treatment group (57% vs. 21%; P < 0.001). Participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 51) accounted for this finding. Among diabetic participants receiving placebo, 93% reported an infection compared with 17% of those receiving supplements (P < 0.001). Medical Outcomes Study 12-Item Short Form scores did not differ between the treatment and placebo groups. CONCLUSIONS: A multivitamin and mineral supplement reduced the incidence of participant-reported infection and related absenteeism in a sample of participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and a high prevalence of subclinical micronutrient deficiency. A larger clinical trial is needed to determine whether these findings can be replicated not only in diabetic persons but also in any population with a high rate of suboptimal nutrition or potential underlying disease impairment. REFERENCE: Ann Intern Med. 2003 Mar 4;138(5):365-71. Effect of a multivitamin and mineral supplement on infection and quality of life. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Barringer TA1, Kirk JK, Santaniello AC, Foley KL, Michielutte R. Salivary melatonin levels varied according to the degree of periodontal disease. As the degree of periodontal disease increased, the salivary melatonin level decreased, indicating that melatonin may act to protect the body from external bacterial insults. Therefore, melatonin may be potentially valuable in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Abstract
BACKGROUND: Melatonin possesses antioxidant, free-radical scavenging, and immunoenhancing properties that promote fibroblast activity and bone regeneration. The aim of this study was to examine the possible links between salivary melatonin levels and the severity of periodontal disease using the community periodontal index (CPI). METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with different degrees of periodontal disease were studied. Salivary and plasma melatonin levels (by radioimmunoassay), salivary/plasma melatonin ratio, and CPI status were collected for each patient. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze relationships among variables. RESULTS: Data showed a significant correlation between CPI and salivary/plasma melatonin ratios. When saliva volume was controlled for, a significant correlation (P<0.05) was found between lower salivary melatonin and a worse CPI. This finding suggests that melatonin may act as a protector against free radicals produced by inflammatory periodontal diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Salivary melatonin levels varied according to the degree of periodontal disease. As the degree of periodontal disease increased, the salivary melatonin level decreased, indicating that melatonin may act to protect the body from external bacterial insults. Therefore, melatonin may be potentially valuable in the treatment of periodontal diseases, although further research is required to validate this hypothesis. REFERENCE: J Periodontol. 2006 Sep;77(9):1533-8. Relationship between salivary melatonin and severity of periodontal disease. Cutando A1, Galindo P, Gómez-Moreno G, Arana C, Bolaños J, Acuña-Castroviejo D, Wang HL. Presented by Mr. Fletcher June 1 1936 and Ordered to be Printed by the United States Government Printing Office Washington: 1936 During the 74th Congress, Second Session, Document No. 264
IT IS BAD NEWS TO LEARN FROM OUR LEADING AUTHORITIES THAT 99% OF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE ARE DEFICIENT IN THESE MINERALS, AND THAT A MARKED DEFICIENCY IN ANY ONE OF THE MORE IMPORTANT MINERALS ACTUALLY RESULTS IN DISEASE. Any upset of the balance, any considerable lack of one or another element, however microscopic the body requirement may be, and we sicken, suffer, shorten our lives. Dr. Sherman of Columbia University asserts that 50% of the American people are starving for calcium. A recent article in the Journal of the American Medical Association stated that out of 4,000 cases in New York Hospital, only 2 were not suffering from a lack of calcium. Many States show a marked reduction in the productive capacity of the soil * * * in many districts amounting to a 25% to 50%reduction in the last 50 years * * *. Some areas show a 10 FOLD variation in calcium. Some show a 60 FOLD variation in phosphorus * * *. Authorities * * * see soil depletion, barren livestock, increased human death rate due to heart disease, deformities, arthritis, increased dental caries, all due to lack of essential minerals in plant food. "We know that vitamins are complex chemical substances which are indispensable to nutrition, and that each of them is of importance for normal function of some special structure in the body. DISORDERS AND DISEASE RESULT FROM ANY VITAMIN DEFICIENCY. It is not commonly realized, however, that vitamins control the body's appropriation of minerals, and in the absence of minerals they have no function to perform. Lacking vitamins, the system can make some use of minerals, but lacking minerals, vitamins are useless." This discovery is one of the latest and most important contributions of science to the problem of human health. -- Senate Document No. 264, 1936! http://www.senatedocument264.com/ No nutritional program is complete without a high-quality source of beneficial omega-3 fatty acids, which are lacking in the typical Western diet. Imagine if you are deficient in Omega 3 !
The cells in your body have a phospholipid bilayer that acts as a gatekeeper between the inside and outside of the cell—keeping things out or letting them in. As key components of that bilayer, omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids from our diet play a significant role in maintaining our good health at the most basic level. It is important to maintain an appropriate 1:1 ratio of omega-3 and omega-6, as these two substances work together to promote health. However, average diets contain significantly more omega-6. The omega-3 long-chain fatty acids are the biosynthetic precursors of a family of compounds called eicosanoids (prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes). These hormone-like substances are a good source of omega-3 fatty acids for the maintenance of good health. Ratios of omega-3s to omega-6s from the diet help support brain function. Neural phospholipid membranes selectively uptake DHA, and it is concentrated in the photoreceptors and some cell-signalling sites. EPA and DHA are long-chain fatty acids whose function in the body includes helping maintain healthy highdensity lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in the plasma, which are important for supporting healthy arterial function and blood flow. Many large-scale epidemiological studies and randomized controlled studies have shown that omega-3 fatty acids from fish support cardiovascular health. These long-chain fatty acids are so important, in fact, that many commercially prepared infant formulas are now fortified with DHA to support health and nervous system development. Diet contributes to 20% to 42% of all human cancers and 50% to 90% of colon cancer. Recent evidence shows that the Western diet has a causative link to colon cancer; however, mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. Many reviews present an extensive analysis of the key findings from studies on the effects of antioxidants such as tea polyphenols, curcumin, genistein, resveratrol, lycopene, omega 3 fatty acids, grape seed extract, vitamin D and C, etc. against cancers. These chemopreventive agents also have very recently been found to reverse chemoresistance and radioresistance in patients undergoing cancer treatment. Thus, these chemopreventive agents have potential to be used as adjuncts to current cancer therapies. ABSTRACT
Colon cancer strikes more than 1 million people annually and is responsible for more than 500,000 cancer deaths worldwide. Recent evidence suggests that the majority of malignancies, including colon cancer are driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs) that are resistant to current chemotherapeutic approaches leading to cancer relapse. Wnt signaling plays a critical role in colon stem cell renewal and carcinogenesis. Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5), a Wnt target gene, and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 B1 (ALDH1B1) are good markers for normal and malignant human colon stem cells. Diet contributes to 20% to 42% of all human cancers and 50% to 90% of colon cancer. Recent evidence shows that the Western diet has a causative link to colon cancer; however, mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. Western diet-induced obesity elevates systemic insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin levels, which could lead to elevated proliferation and suppressed apoptosis of CSCs through PI3K/AKT/Wnt pathway. Although conventional chemotherapy targets the PI3K/AKT pathways and can significantly reduce tumor size, it fails to eliminate CSCs and has serious side effects. Dietary bioactive compounds such as grape seed extract, curcumin, lycopene, and resveratrol have promising chemopreventive effects, without serious side effects on various types of cancers due to their direct and indirect actions on CSC self-renewal pathways such as the Wnt pathway. Understanding the role of CSCs in diet-induced colon cancer will aid in development of evidence-based dietary chemopreventive strategies and/or therapeutic agents targeting CSCs. REFERENCE: Nutrition. 2014 Nov-Dec;30(11-12):1242-56. doi: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.02.016. Epub 2014 Mar 12. Colon carcinogenesis: influence of Western diet-induced obesity and targeting stem cells using dietary bioactive compounds. Kasdagly M1, Radhakrishnan S2, Reddivari L3, Veeramachaneni DN4, Vanamala J5. 70 trials that looked at omega-3 fatty acid consumption reveals that omega-3 use may be as effective at reducing blood pressure as significant lifestyle changes. BACKGROUND:
Although a large body of literature has been devoted to examining the relationship between eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA+DHA) and blood pressure, past systematic reviews have been hampered by narrow inclusion criteria and a limited scope of analytical subgroups. In addition, no meta-analysis to date has captured the substantial volume of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the past 2 years. The objective of this meta-analysis was to examine the effect of EPA+DHA, without upper dose limits and including food sources, on blood pressure in RCTs. METHODS: Random-effects meta-analyses were used to generate weighted group mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between the EPA+DHA group and the placebo group. Analyses were conducted for subgroups defined by key subject or study characteristics. RESULTS: Seventy RCTs were included. Compared with placebo, EPA+DHA provision reduced systolic blood pressure (-1.52 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval (CI) = -2.25 to -0.79) and diastolic blood pressure (-0.99 mm Hg; 95% CI = -1.54 to -0.44) in the meta-analyses of all studies combined. The strongest effects of EPA+DHA were observed among untreated hypertensive subjects (systolic blood pressure = -4.51 mm Hg, 95% CI = -6.12 to -2.83; diastolic blood pressure = -3.05 mm Hg, 95% CI = -4.35 to - 1.74), although blood pressure also was lowered among normotensive subjects (systolic blood pressure = -1.25 mm Hg, 95% CI = -2.05 to -0.46; diastolic blood pressure = -0.62 mm Hg, 95% CI = -1.22 to -0.02). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, available evidence from RCTs indicates that provision of EPA+DHA reduces systolic blood pressure, while provision of ≥2 grams reduces diastolic blood pressure. REFERENCE: Am J Hypertens. 2014 Jul;27(7):885-96. doi: 10.1093/ajh/hpu024. Epub 2014 Mar 6. Long-chain omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid and blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Miller PE1, Van Elswyk M2, Alexander DD3. Due to the mineral deficiency in post-menopausal women with low bone density and the key role of minerals on bone health, supplementation with magnesium, calcium, zinc and perhaps copper recommended. REFERENCE:
Copper, magnesium, zinc and calcium status were measured in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis (n = 23) and osteopenia (n = 28) as classified on the basis of the T-score of the femur neck and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry results. Anthropometric indices, dietary intake and serum copper, magnesium, zinc and calcium were assessed. The results of our study showed that the mean dietary intake of magnesium, zinc and calcium in post-menopausal women with low bone density were significantly lower than recommended dietary allowance. The mean serum levels of zinc (P = 0.001) and copper (P = 0.000) were significantly lower than normal range and 40.4% of this participants had serum magnesium levels lower than normal range. No statistically significant differences were observed between the osteopenic and osteoporotic groups with respect to serum levels and dietary intakes of copper, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Due to the mineral deficiency in post-menopausal women with low bone density and the key role of minerals on bone health, supplementation with magnesium, calcium, zinc and perhaps copper recommended. Clin Cases Miner Bone Metab. 2015 Jan-Apr;12(1):18-21. doi: 10.11138/ccmbm/2015.12.1.018. Copper, magnesium, zinc and calcium status in osteopenic and osteoporotic post-menopausal women.Mahdavi-Roshan M1, Ebrahimi M2, Ebrahimi A3. Omega 3 fatty acids may slow the rate of decline in cognitive performance in mild forms of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. BACKGROUND:
ω3 fatty acids (ω3 FAs) may slow the rate of decline in cognitive performance in mild forms of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the relationship between changes of plasma ω3 FA levels and cognitive performance, as well as effects of gender, are poorly known. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of 6-month administration of DHA-rich ω3 FA supplementation on plasma FA profiles in patients with mild to moderate AD in relation to cognitive performance and gender. This investigation is part of the OmegAD Study. METHODS: 174 AD patients (74 ± 9 years) were randomized to a daily intake of 2.3 g ω3 FA or placebo for 6 months; subsequently all received the ω3 FA preparation for the next 6 months. Baseline as well as changes in plasma levels of the main ω3 FAs in 165 patients, while receiving ω3 FA supplementation for 6 months, were analyzed for association to cognitive performance (assessed by ADAS-cog and MMSE scores) as well as to gender. RESULTS: Preservation of cognitive functioning, assessed by ADAS-cog or its sub-items (but not MMSE) scores, was significantly associated to increasing plasma ω3 FA levels over time. Thus, the higher ω3 FA plasma levels rose, the lower was the rate of cognitive deterioration. This effect was not related to gender; since although females displayed higher ω3 FA plasma levels than did males after 6 months of supplementation, this difference disappeared when adjusted for body weight. CONCLUSIONS: Since our study suggests dose-response relationships between plasma levels of ω3 FA and preservation of cognition, future ω3 FA trials in patients with mild AD should consider exploring graded (and body weight adjusted) doses of ω3 FA. REFERENCE: J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;48(3):805-12. doi: 10.3233/JAD-150102. Plasma Fatty Acid Profiles in Relation to Cognition and Gender in Alzheimer's Disease Patients During Oral Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation: The OmegAD Study. Eriksdotter M1,2, Vedin I3, Falahati F1, Freund-Levi Y1, Hjorth E4, Faxen-Irving G1, Wahlund LO1,2, Schultzberg M4, Basun H5,6, Cederholm T7,6, Palmblad J3. 25 participants received daily for a period of 16 weeks an emulsified preparation comprising plant sterols esters (1300 mg), fish oil (providing 1000 mg eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) and vitamins B12 (50 μg), B6 (2.5 mg), folic acid (800 μg) and coenzyme Q10 (3 mg) . The serum total cholesterol, LDL- cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol were significantly reduced at the end of the intervention period. REFERENCE:
Nutr J. 2013 Jan 8;12:7. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-12-7. Effect of a plant sterol, fish oil and B vitamin combination on cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolemic children and adolescents: a pilot study. Garaiova I1, Muchová J, Nagyová Z, Mišľanová C, Oravec S, Dukát A, Wang D, Plummer SF, Ďuračková Z. |
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